By Robert Whitaker
Schizophrenics within the usa presently fare worse than sufferers within the world’s poorest nations. In Mad in America, scientific journalist Robert Whitaker argues that smooth remedies for the seriously mentally sick are only previous drugs in new bottles, and that we as a society are deeply deluded approximately their efficacy. The common use of lobotomies within the Twenties and Thirties gave manner within the Nineteen Fifties to electroshock and a wave of latest medicinal drugs. In what's might be Whitaker’s so much damning revelation, Mad in America examines how drug businesses within the Eighties and Nineteen Nineties skewed their experiences to end up that new antipsychotic medications have been more suitable than the outdated, whereas retaining sufferers in the dead of night approximately risky facet effects.
A haunting, deeply compassionate book—now revised with a brand new introduction—Mad in America increases very important questions about our tasks to the mad, the that means of “insanity,” and what we price so much in regards to the human brain.
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Additional resources for Mad in America: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally Ill
Example text
Humanists rejected psychodynamic concepts of humans as being controlled by unconscious forces. They also denied behaviourism's view of humans as reactors moulded by the environment. Instead, humanistic theorists such as Abraham Maslow (1908-70) proposed that each of us has an inborn force towards self-actualization, the reaching of one's individual potential (Fig. 12). When the human personality develops in a supportive environment, the positive inner nature of a person emerges. In contrast, misery and pathology occur when environments frustrate our innate tendency towards self-actualization.
Pavlov found that dogs automatically learned to salivate to the sound of a new stimulus, such as a tone, if that stimulus was repeatedly paired with food. Meanwhile, Edward Thorndike (1874-1949) was examining how organisms leara through the consequences of their actions. According to Thorndike's (1911) law of effect, responses followed by satisfying consequences become more likely to recur, and those followed by unsatisfying consequences become less likely to recur. Thus learning is the key to understanding how experience moulds behaviour.
5 Describe the psychodynamic perspective. Contrast Freud's psychoanalytic theory with modern psychodynamic theories. functionalism which held that psychology should study the functions of consciousness rather than its structure In their experiments, structuralists used the method of introspection ('looking within') to study sensations, which they considered the basic elements of consciousness. They exposed participants to all sorts of sensory stimuli - lights, sounds, tastes - and trained them to describe their inner experiences.